What causes an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)?
Key Takeaways
What causes an underactive thyroid? The most common causes include autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's disease, previous thyroid treatments, iodine deficiency, and issues with the pituitary gland.
How does an underactive thyroid affect your health? An underactive thyroid can lead to symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, and depression due to insufficient thyroid hormone production.
Can an underactive thyroid be treated? Yes, it can be managed with thyroid hormone replacements such as Levothyroxine, ensuring that hormone levels are restored to normal.
What is an Underactive Thyroid?
An underactive thyroid, also known as hypothyroidism, occurs when your thyroid gland fails to produce enough of the essential thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4). This gland, located in the neck, is responsible for regulating metabolism, heart rate, and temperature control by releasing hormones that affect almost every part of your body.
When the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, it causes the body’s metabolic rate to slow down, which can result in symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, depression, and dry skin. Levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone, is typically prescribed to help replenish these hormone levels.
What Causes an Underactive Thyroid?
Hypothyroidism can arise from several factors, many of which are related to the immune system, past medical treatments, or certain deficiencies. Here are the most common causes:
1. Autoimmune Conditions:
One of the primary causes of an underactive thyroid is Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. This attack damages the thyroid, reducing its ability to produce hormones.
2. Previous Thyroid Treatments:
If you've had treatments for hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), such as radioactive iodine or thyroid surgery, these can lead to an underactive thyroid. For instance, radioactive iodine destroys some thyroid tissue, leading to decreased hormone production. Similarly, radiation therapy for certain cancers (head and neck cancers) can damage the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism.
3. Iodine Deficiency:
Although rare in the United Kingdom, iodine deficiency is another potential cause of hypothyroidism (Eastman & Zimmerman, 2018). Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production, and without enough iodine in the diet, the thyroid cannot produce adequate amounts of T4 and T3 hormones. This can lead to an underactive thyroid and goitre (swelling of the thyroid gland).
4. Pituitary Gland Problems:
The pituitary gland produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates the production of thyroid hormones. If the pituitary gland is damaged (due to injury, tumour, or infection), it may fail to produce enough TSH, resulting in low thyroid hormone levels.
5. Medications:
Certain medications, such as lithium (commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder) and interferons (used to treat various viral infections and cancers), can interfere with thyroid function, leading to hypothyroidism. These medications can disrupt the thyroid's ability to produce hormones.
Can an Underactive Thyroid Be Treated?
Yes, hypothyroidism is treatable. The most common treatment is levothyroxine, a synthetic version of the thyroid hormone T4. By taking levothyroxine as prescribed, individuals can effectively manage hypothyroidism and restore normal thyroid function. Regular blood tests are essential to monitor hormone levels and adjust the dosage accordingly.
Treatment Options:
Levothyroxine: The most widely prescribed medication for hypothyroidism. It is available as both generic and branded versions, such as Eltroxin.
Liothyronine: In some cases, Liothyronine (a synthetic form of T3) may be prescribed, particularly for individuals who do not respond well to levothyroxine.
These medications are crucial in ensuring the body gets the thyroid hormones it needs for proper function.
Can an Underactive Thyroid Be Treated Online?
Yes, treatments for hypothyroidism can be purchased online from PharmXtra. At PharmXtra, you can access a range of hypothyroid medications, including Levothyroxine and Liothyronine, through a secure online consultation process. This allows you to obtain your medication with ease, but always under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
To order, simply complete an online consultation, and if you are deemed suitable, a private prescription will be issued to you.
Final Thoughts
An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) is a manageable condition that can significantly impact your quality of life if left untreated. By taking Levothyroxine or similar medications, most individuals can lead a normal, healthy life. If you suspect you have hypothyroidism or have been diagnosed, it’s essential to follow your doctor’s advice and have regular check-ups to ensure your thyroid hormone levels are balanced.
If you need to purchase medication for hypothyroidism, PharmXtra offers convenient access to thyroid treatments online, but always remember to consult your doctor before making any changes to your medication.
Medically Reviewed by:
Dr. Irfan Siddique MBBS
GMC reference no: 7694522
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